Hormonal-metabolic markers and their relationships in patients with coronary heart disease after suffering from the COVID-19 coronavirus disease
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14739/2310-1237.2024.3.308727Keywords:
coronary heart disease, coronavirus disease, COVID-19, comorbidity, hormonal and metabolic markers, neurovegetative disorders, anxiety-depressive disorders, cognitive disorders, insulin resistanceAbstract
The aim of the study. To investigate the peculiarities of changes in hormonal and metabolic markers and their relationships with neurovegetative disorders in patients with coronary artery disease after suffering from the COVID-19 coronavirus disease (in the long-COVID period).
Materials and methods. 71 patients with coronary artery disease were examined: stable angina pectoris II–III FC (age 69.0 (64.0; 76.0) years): 1 group (main) – 31 patients with coronary artery disease after suffering from the COVID-19 coronavirus disease (in the long-COVID period); Group 2 (comparison) – 40 patients with coronary artery disease who did not have a history of COVID-19. 15 practically healthy people were included in the control group. The concentration of vasopressin, ghrelin, and insulin in blood serum was estimated using immunoenzymatic analysis. The HOMA index is calculated according to the generally accepted formula. Statistical data processing was carried out in accordance with modern requirements.
Results. Significant changes in hormonal and metabolic markers were found in patients with coronary artery disease in the long-COVID period in comparison with the control group and with patients without a history of COVID-19: an increase in the concentration of vasopressin by 70.23 % and 33.38 %, insulin by 52.16 % and 32.76 %, glucose level by 31.20 % and 20.00 %, HOMA index by 60.00 % and 35.77 %, reduction of active ghrelin level by 45.71 % and 49.20 % (p < 0.05) respectively. The number of patients with insulin resistance in the 1st group was significantly higher compared to the 2nd group (χ2 = 0.516, p < 0.001). Inverse correlations were established between the level of ghrelin and vasopressin (r = -0.33, p < 0.05), insulin (r = -0.25, p < 0.05) and the HOMA index (r = -0.24, p < 0.05); direct correlation between the level of vasopressin and the HOMA index (r = +0.26, p < 0.05). In addition, a wide range of reliable correlations between the level of vasopressin, ghrelin and the degree of anxiety-depressive, cognitive and autonomic disorders were found in patients with coronary artery disease in the long-COVID period.
Conclusions. The obtained results confirm common mechanisms between the development of hormonal and metabolic disorders and the occurrence of anxiety-depressive, cognitive disorders, vegetative imbalance against the background of overstrain of functional adaptation processes in patients with coronary heart disease in the long-COVID period.
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