Peculiarities of spinal cord segments structural organization in human fetuses with anencephaly of 17–18 weeks of intrauterine development
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14739/2310-1237.2017.1.97226Keywords:
anencephaly, spinal cord, gray matter, neuroepithelial cells, white matterAbstract
The principles of the human spinal cord development constitute the basis for understanding of appearance of congenital abnormalities of the CNS development, which make 7 % of the total number of malformations in the embryonic period of human’s development.
Purpose – to find out the cytoarchitectonic structure of the spinal cord segments of human fetuses with anencephaly, their morphometric parameters and the degree of the proliferation of neural stem cells.
Materials and methods – anatomical and histological, immunohistochemical and morphometric research was carried out related to the spinal cord of 4 human fetuses with anencephaly of the gestational period of 17–18 weeks.
Results. The length of the spinal cord of 17–18 weeks anencephalic fetuses corresponds to the length of human fetuses without malformations of 11–12 weeks, the rest macrometric parameters – 8–9 weeks. The largest area of grey matter was that of segments at the level of lumbosacral and cervical enlargements, the least one at the level of thoracic segments. The specific gravity of neuroepithelium in the grey matter of cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral segments was 0.4, 0.1, 0.6, 1.6 % respectively. The expression of the proliferation protein in the spinal cord neuroepithelium segments of anencephalic fetuses is approaching 0 %. However, in the ventral horns near the location of neural complexes single mitoses of glial cells occur. In quantitative terms, in the ventral horns 1.5 % of glial cells reacted, while in the dorsal ones – 0.6 %. The expression of vimentin in the mantle and marginal layers is poor. On the border between the ventral and dorsal horns an insignificant number of fibers have a radial direction. Moderate expression of synaptophysin was observed in the marginal layer, except for cuneate fasciculi where the relatively weak expression has been established, which testifies to the insufficient myelination of the conduction tracts fibers.
Conclusions. Macro- and morphometric parameters of the spinal cord of human fetuses with 17–18 week anencephaly point out to the significant retardation in development. Numerous disorders in the structural organization of both grey matter and white matter have been found out. The proliferation of neural stem cells in neuroepithelium is approaching 0 %.
References
Bohatyrova, R. V., Lynchak, O. V., & Tymchenko O. I. (2012). Henetyko-demohrafichni protsesy sered naselennya Ukrayiny [Genetic and demographic changes in the population of Ukraine]. Zhurnal NAMN Ukrainy, 18(1), 81–91. [in Ukrainian].
Zozulya, Yu. A., & Orlov, Yu. A. (2003). Poroki razvitiya pozvonochnika i spinnogo mozga [Faults development spine and spinal cord]. Zdorovya Ukrainy, 78, 4–8. [in Russian].
Pykov, M. I., Vatolin, K. V., Popov, M. A., Bidzhiev, M. I., & Vasilʹeva, O. Yu. (2003). Metodika issledovaniya, ulʹtrazvukovaya semiotika y dannye morfometrii spinnogo mozga i pozvonochnogo kanala u novorozhdennykh [Methodology of the study, US-semiotics and data morphometrics spinal cord and spinal canal in newborn]. Ulʹtrazvukovaya i funkcionalʹnaya diagnostika, 1, 51–57. [in Russian].
Zborovska, N. V., Lukianenko, N. S., Kitsera, N. I., Hruzyntseva, N. A., & Henyk-Berezovs’ka, S. O. (2012). Chastota ta spektr vad tsentralnoi nervovoi systemy sered novonarodzhenykh Lvivskoi oblasti u 2005–2011 rr. [The frequency and spectrum of defects of the central nervous system among newborns in the Lviv region from 2005 till 2011]. Bukovynskyi medychnyi visnyk, 16(3), 44–49. [in Ukrainian].
Shkol’nikov, V. S., Guminsky, Yu. Y., & Tyholaz, V. O. (2013). Morfometrychni parametry struktur spynnoho mozku plodiv liudyny 8-9 tyzhniv vnutrishnʹoutrobnoho rozvytku [Morphometrical parameters structures of spinal cord the human fetals 8–9 weeks of intrauterine period]. Tavricheskij mediko-biolohicheskij vestnik, 16(1), 2, 228–232. [in Ukrainian].
Shkolnikov, V. S. (2013). Morfometrychni parametry struktur spynnoho mozku plodiv lyudyny 11–12 tyzhnya vnutrishnʹoutrobnoho rozvytku [Morphometric parameters spinal cord structures of human fetuses 11-12 weeks of fetal development]. Visnyk Vinnytskoho natsionalnoho medychnoho universytetu, 17(1), 36–40. [in Ukrainian].
Shkolnikov, V. S., Tykholaz, V. O., Kholod, L. P., Stelmashchuk, P. O., & Halunko, H. M. (2015). Struktura prychyn piznikh abortiv i mertvonarodzhenykh u Vinnytskiш oblasti za 2010–2014 roky [The structure causes late abortions and stillbirths in Vinnytsia region for 2010 - 2014 years]. Aktualni pytannia medychnoi nauky ta praktyky: zb. nauk. prats za materialamy VI konhresu AHET Ukrainy, 82(2), 1, 211–220. Zaporizhzhia. [in Ukrainian].
Sargiotto, C., Bidondo, M., Liascovich, R., Barbero, P., & Groisman, B. (2015) Discriptive study on neural tube defects in Argentina. Birth Defects Res A Clin. Mol. Teratol., 103(6, 509–516. doi: 10.1002/bdra.23372.
Golle, R., Meshram, P., & Hattangdi, S. (2014) Anencephaly and its associated malformations. J. Clin. Diagn. Res., 8(9), 7–9. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2014/10402.4885.
Morris, J. K., & Wald, N. J. (2007) Prevalence of neural tube defect pregnancies in England and Wales from 1964 to 2004. Journal of Medical Screening, 14(2), 55–59. doi: 10.1258/096914107781261945.
Obeid, R., Pietrzik, K., Oakley, G. P. Jr., Kancherla, V., Holzgreve, W., & Wieser, S. (2015) Preventable spina bifida and anencephaly in Europe. Birth Defects Res A Clin. Mol. Teratol., 103(9), 763–71. doi: 10.1002/bdra.23400.
Ren, A. (2015) Prevention of neural tube defects with folic acid: The Chinese experience. World J. Clin. Pediatr., 4(3), 41–44. doi: 10.5409/wjcp.v4.i3.41.
Downloads
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (SeeThe Effect of Open Access).