An experimental study on the effectiveness of probiotic disinfectants in the treatment of disseminated peritonitis

Abstract

The aim of the work was to investigate the effectiveness of probiotic disinfectants for sanitation of the abdominal cavity in experimental peritonitis.

Material and methods. An experimental study was conducted at the Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine on 45 white sexually mature male Wistar rats aged 4–5 months, which were used to simulate peritonitis. The rats were divided into 3 groups, 15 animals in each. The treatment of animals in the main group (group I) was as follows: the abdominal cavity was washed with a 5 % solution of probiotic disinfectant, after which a probiotic disinfectant spray was applied, and after suturing the surgical wound, a gel with probiotics was applied to it. A sorbent solution was used to clean the abdominal cavity of rats in the comparison group (group II). Treatment of rats in the placebo control group (group III) consisted of washing the abdominal cavity with 0.9 % NaCl solution. In the postoperative period, all animals received antibacterial and analgesic therapy. Relaparotomies for the purpose of abdominal cavity sanitation were performed at intervals of 24–48 hours. Immunological, histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical studies were performed.

Results. In the group of animals treated with probiotic disinfectants, 10 (66.7 %) rats survived, in which peritonitis was eliminated, as evidenced by clinical, immunological and morphological results. In the animals of the comparison group, 8 (53.3 %) rats survived, in which peritonitis was eliminated. All animals of the placebo control group died from severe peritonitis. The use of the developed treatment in the experiment in animals of group I contributes to a decrease in the cytolytic activity of blood serum in relation to their own leukocytes and the preservation of the functional capabilities of monocytes at an adapted level already on the 5th day of the study. At the same time, on the 7th day, the indicators of the functional activity of monocytes corresponded to the reference values. At the same time, in experimental animals of group II, optimization of the studied indicators occurred only on the 7th day of the experiment. However, they did not correspond to the limits of the reference values. In group III, the studied indicators were significantly reduced relative to the reference values throughout the study.

Conclusions. In group I, 66.7 % of animals survived, in group II – 53.3 %, while in group III – all animals died, which indicates the ineffectiveness of abdominal cavity sanitation with 0.9 % NaCl solution in widespread peritonitis. When using probiotic disinfectants in animals of group I, there is a gradual increase in the number of CD68+ cells in the tissue infiltrate with a significant restoration of monocyte functionality according to the general NCT test. While when using the sorbent and 0.9 % NaCl solution, a critical decrease in the number of CD68+ cells with simultaneous suppression of their function is noted on the 7th day, which indicates the activation of the immune response and the positive effect of the developed treatment in animals of group I.