Age-based immunomorphological analysis of rat testis in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14739/2310-1237.2021.1.228851Keywords:
diabetes mellitus, testis, immunohistochemistry, rat, age factorAbstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) has emerged as a public healthcare problem. Sustained hyperglycemia has been linked with many complications including impaired male fertility.
The aim of the study: to evaluate the effect of STZ-induced diabetes mellitus on testicular immunomorphology both in the peripubertal period and adulthood of rats.
Material and methods. Peripubertal male rats were injected with STZ (70 mg/kg), adult rats received 60 mg/kg. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to assess cell proliferation (Ki-67), apoptosis (caspase-3), expression of androgen receptors (AR), Wilms Tumor (WT1) protein. Also, the morphology of blood vessels was analyzed on the basis of CD34-immunoreactivity. Taking into consideration the small groups of animals, statistical analysis was made with the Mann–Whitney U test.
Results. Fewer rows of proliferating spermatogonia were observed in the experimental animals (P < 0.05) of both age groups. Surprisingly, diabetes resulted in decreased caspase-3 expression (P < 0.05) except for the early period (2 weeks) in the peripubertal group, in which this trend was not observed. The same principles are true in terms of AR expression in seminiferous tubules. Hyperglycemia prevented immature testes from the complete development but thickens the walls of microvessels (P < 0.05). Also, the atrophy of spermatogenic epithelium and Sertoli cells was registered in most tubules of all the experimental groups (P < 0.05).
Conclusion. the diabetic injury of testicular tissue is a long time process possessing characteristic feature in the peripubertal period, for example, the later development of AR deficiency. In addition, the high level of apoptosis is characteristic of an immature testis and so is the tendency of caspase-immunoreactivity to persist.
References
Jangir, R. N., & Jain, G. C. (2014). Diabetes mellitus induced impairment of male reproductive functions: a review. Current diabetes reviews, 10(3), 147-157. https://doi.org/10.2174/1573399810666140606111745
Donmez, Y. B., Kizilay, G., & Topcu-Tarladacalisir, Y. (2014). MAPK immunoreactivity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat testis. Acta cirurgica brasileira, 29(10), 644-650. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-8650201400160004
Trindade, A. A., Simões, A. C., Silva, R. J., Macedo, C. S., & Spadella, C. T. (2013). Long term evaluation of morphometric and ultrastructural changes of testes of alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Acta cirurgica brasileira, 28(4), 256-265. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-86502013000400005
Kanter, M., Aktas, C., & Erboga, M. (2013). Curcumin attenuates testicular damage, apoptotic germ cell death, and oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Molecular nutrition & food research, 57(9), 1578-1585. https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201200170
Nna, V. U., Abu Bakar, A. B., Ahmad, A., Eleazu, C. O., & Mohamed, M. (2019). Oxidative Stress, NF-κB-Mediated Inflammation and Apoptosis in the Testes of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats: Combined Protective Effects of Malaysian Propolis and Metformin. Antioxidants, 8(10), 465. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8100465
Poslavska, O. V. (2015). Metodolohiia vykorystannia prohramnoho zabezpechennia dlia analizu tsyfrovykh mikrofotohrafii na bazi kursu patomorfolohii z metoiu pidvyshchennia profesiinoho rivnia studentiv i naukovtsiv [Methodology for the use of software for the analysis of digital micrographs on the base of pathomorphology course in order to increase the professional level of students and scientists]. Morphologia. 9(3), 122-126. [in Ukrainian]. https://doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2015.3.122-126
Antomonov, M. Yu. (2006). Matematicheskaya obrobotka i analiz mediko-biologicheskikh dannykh [Mathematical processing and analysis of biomedical data]. Kiev: Fіrma Maliy Druk. [in Russian].
Sun, X., & Kaufman, P. D. (2018). Ki-67: more than a proliferation marker. Chromosoma, 127(2), 175-186. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00412-018-0659-8
Karaca, T., Demirtaş, S., Karaboğa, İ., & Ayvazz, S. (2015). Protective effects of royal jelly against testicular damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Turkish journal of medical sciences, 45(1), 27-32.
Chowdhury, I., Tharakan, B., & Bhat, G. K. (2008). Caspases - an update. Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & molecular biology, 151(1), 10-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpb.2008.05.010
Khosravi, Z., Sedaghat, R., Baluchnejadmojarad, T., & Roghani, M. (2019). Diosgenin ameliorates testicular damage in streptozotocin-diabetic rats through attenuation of apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation. International immunopharmacology, 70, 37-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2019.01.047
Wen, Q., Zheng, Q. S., Li, X. X., Hu, Z. Y., Gao, F., Cheng, C. Y., & Liu, Y. X. (2014). Wt1 dictates the fate of fetal and adult Leydig cells during development in the mouse testis. American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 307(12), E1131-E1143. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00425.2014
Wang, X. N., Li, Z. S., Ren, Y., Jiang, T., Wang, Y. Q., Chen, M., Zhang, J., Hao, J. X., Wang, Y. B., Sha, R. N., Huang, Y., Liu, X., Hu, J. C., Sun, G. Q., Li, H. G., Xiong, C. L., Xie, J., Jiang, Z. M., Cai, Z. M., Wang, J., … Gao, F. (2013). The Wilms tumor gene, Wt1, is critical for mouse spermatogenesis via regulation of sertoli cell polarity and is associated with non-obstructive azoospermia in humans. PLoS genetics, 9(8), e1003645. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1003645
O'Hara, L., & Smith, L. B. (2015). Androgen receptor roles in spermatogenesis and infertility. Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism, 29(4), 595-605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beem.2015.04.006
Abd El-Meseeh, N. A., El-Shaarawy, E. A., AlDomairy, A. F., & Sehly, R. A. (2016). Changes in rat testis morphology and androgen receptor expression around the age of puberty. Annals of anatomy, 205, 37-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aanat.2016.01.003
Sidney, L. E., Branch, M. J., Dunphy, S. E., Dua, H. S., & Hopkinson, A. (2014). Concise review: evidence for CD34 as a common marker for diverse progenitors. Stem cells, 32(6), 1380-1389. https://doi.org/10.1002/stem.1661
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (SeeThe Effect of Open Access).
