Modern idea of enteroviral infection as a polietiologic disease (review of literature)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14739/2310-1237.2017.1.97495Keywords:
enteroviral infection, clinicAbstract
Enteroviral infections have large polymorphism of clinical manifestations. In recent years, introduction of polymerase chain reaction for the etiological confirmation of diagnosis necessitated the revision and refinement of clinical manifestations of disease associated with individual causative agents of this infection.
The aim of this work is to analyze the data of modern literature concerning the characteristics of the manifestations of enteroviral infection in conjunction with a specific serotype of the pathogen.
Presented literature review conducted in the framework of the open cohort study of the Joint Small Grants Programme WHO/HHWS focused on programs to combat infectious diseases on the topic: "New approaches to the diagnosis of major clinical forms of enteroviral infection in children and adults"
According to the latest changes of the database of the International Committee on taxonomy of viruses the genus Enterovirus includes 4 types of human enteroviruses, which are more than 100 serotypes of enteroviruses, which differ in the receptors they use for entry into the cell-target immune response of the host and, in a certain way, the spectrum of associated clinical manifestations. Every 3-4 years epidemic outbreaks are recorded in different countries of the world, caused by different serotypes of the virus. Despite the fact that the same serotype of enterovirus can cause different clinical forms of the disease, symptoms that are prevalent in patients with different outbreaks of enteroviral infection have a certain relationship with serotype. In modern conditions enterovirus type 71 infection has the most pronounced neurotropism, which causes the development of serous meningitis or meningoencephalitis.
Conclusions. Diagnosis of enteroviral infection requires mandatory laboratory confirmation, since the disease is polyetiological and is characterized by the polymorphism of clinical symptoms. Outbreaks of enteroviral infection occur periodically, and clinical manifestations that are prevalent in patients in different outbreaks have a definite correlation with serotype. Special attention today is attracted to enteroviral infection caused by enterovirus type 71, which is characterized by neurotropism.
References
Huaman, J. L., Carrion, G., Ampuero, J. S., Ocaña, V., Laguna-Torres, V. A., & Hontz, R. D. (2016). Enterovirus-71 genotype C isolated in Peru between 2006 and 2009. Journal of clinical virology, 85, 40–43. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2016.10.023.
Li, W., Gao, H. H., Zhanq, Q., Liu, Y-J., Tao, R., Cheng, Y-P., et al. (2016). Large outbreak of herpangina in children caused by enterovirus in summer of 2015 in Hangzhou, China. Journal of Scientific Reports, 6, 353–388. doi: 10.1038/srep35388.
Medici, M. C., Tummolo, F., Arcangeletti, A., De Conto, F., Chezzi, C., Dodi, I., & Calderaro, A. (2016). A cluster of Enterovirus 71 subgenogroup C2 in a nursery school, Italy, 2014. New Microbiologica, 39(3), 94.
Begaydarova, R. H., Starikov, Y. G., Devdariani, H. G., Abilkasimov, Z. E., Dyussembaeva, A. E., & Zolotareva, O. A. (2013). Sovremennyye osobennosti nekotorykh klinicheskikh form e'nterovirusnoj infekcii u detej [Currentclinicalfeatures ofsomeformsenterovirus infectionat children]. Mezhdunarodnyj zhurnal e'ksperimental'nogo obrazovaniya, 11, 34–36. [in Russian].
Hamaguchi, T., Fujisawa, H., Sakai, K., Okino, S., Kurosaki, N., Nishimura, Y., et al. (2008). Acute encephalitis caused by intrafamilial transmission of enterovirus 71 in adult. Emerg. Infect. Dis, 14(5), 828–830. doi: 10.3201/eid1405.071121.
Khan, A., Sharif, S., Shaukat, S., Khan, S., & Zaidi, S. (2008). An outbreak of acutehemorrhagic conjunctivitis caused by coxsackievirus A24 variant in Pakistan. Virus Res, 137(1), 150–152. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2008.06.011.
Adams, M. J., King, A. M. Q., & Carstens, E. B. (2013). Ratification vote on taxonomic proposals to the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Archives of Virology, 158, 2023–2030. doi: 10.1007/s00705-013-1688-5.
Solomon, T., Lewthwaite, P., Perera, D., Cardosa, M. J., McMinn, P., & Ooi, M. H. (2010). Virology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and control of enterovirus 71. Lancet Infect. Dis, 10(11), 778–790. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(10)70194-8.
Kanaeva, O. I. (2014). E'nterovirusnaya infekciya: mnogoobrazie vozbuditelej i klinicheskikh form [Enterovirus infection: variety of etiological factors and clinical manifestations]. Infekciya i immunitet, 1(4), 27–36. [in Russian].
Duong, V., Mey, C., Eloit, M., Zhu, H., Danet, L., Huang, Z. et al. (2016). Molecular epidemiology of human enterovirus 71 at the origin of an epidemic of fatal hand, foot and mouth disease cases in Cambodia. Emerging Microbes & Infections, 5(9), 104. DOI: 10.1038/emi.2016.101.
Medici, M. C., Tummolo, F., Arcangeletti, M. C., De Conto, F., Chezzi, C., Dodi, I., & Calderaro, A. (2016). A cluster of Enterovirus 71 subgenogroup C2 in a nursery school, Italy, 2014. New Microbiologica, 39(4), 295–298.
Ooi, M. H., Wong, S. C., Lewthwaite, P., Cardosa, M. J., & Solomon, T. (2010). Clinical features, diagnosis and management of human enterovirus 71 infection. Lancet Neurol., 11(10), 1097–1105. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(10)70209-X.
Kemball, C. C., Alirezaei, M., & Whitton, J. L. (2010). Type B coxsackieviruses and their interactions with the innate and adaptive immune systems. Future Microbiol., 9(5), 1329–1347. doi: 10.2217/fmb.10.101.
Chang, P. C., Chen, S. C., & Chen, K. T. (2016). The Current Status of the Disease Caused by Enterovirus 71 Infections: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Molecular Epidemiology, and Vaccine Development. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 13(9), 890. doi: 10.3390/ijerph13090890.
Hu, D. D., Mai, J. N., He, L. Y., Li, P. Q., Chen, W. X., Yan, J. J., et al. (2017). Glucocorticoids Prevent Enterovirus 71 Capsid Protein VP1 Induced Calreticulin Surface Exposure by Alleviating Neuronal ER Stress. Neurotoxicity Research, 31(2), 204–217. doi: 10.1007/s12640-016-9670-0.
Li, J., Yao, Y., Chen, Y., Xu, X., Lin, Y., Yang, Z., et al. (2016). Enterovirus 71 3C promotes apoptosis through cleavage of PinX1, a telomere binding protein. Journal of Virology, doi: 10.1128/JVI.02016-16.
Miyazawa, I., Azegami, Y., Kasuo, S., Yoshida, T., Kobayashi, M., & Shiraishi, T. (2008). Prevalence of enterovirus from patients with herpangina and hand, foot and mouth disease in Nagano Prefecture, Japan, 2007. Jpn. J. Infect. Dis., 61(3), 247–8.
Martinova, G. P. (2014). E'nterovirusnaya (nepolio) infekciya u detej [Enterovirus (nepolio) infection in children]. Sibirskoe medicinskoe obozrenie, 3(87), 100–106. [in Russian].
Pickering, L. K. (2012). Enterovirus (nonpoliovirus) and parechovirus infections (group A and B coxsackieviruses, echoviruses, numbered enteroviruses, and human parechoviruses). Red Book. IL.
Zeng, M., El Khatib, N. F., Tu, S., Ren, P., Xu, S., Zhu, Q., et al. (2012). Seroepidemiology of Enterovirus 71 infection prior to the 2011 season in children in Shanghai. Clin. Virol., 53(4), 285–289. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2011.12.025.
Logan, S. A. E., & Mac Mahon, E. (2008). Viral meningitis. BMJ, 336(7634), 36–40.
Dos Santos, G. P., Skraba, I., Oliveira, D., Lima, A. A., de Melo, M. M., Kmetzsch, C. I., et al. (2006). Enterovirus meningitis in Brazil, 1998–2003. J. Med. Virol., 78, 98–104. doi: 10.1002/jmv.20509.
Fowlkes, A. L., Honarmand, S., Glacer, C., Yagi, S., Schnurr, D., Oberste, M. S., et al. (2008). Enterovirus-associated encephalitis in the California Encephalitis Project, 1998–2005. J Infect Dis., 198, 1685–1691. doi: 10.1086/592988.
Cherry, J. D., & Feigin, R. D. (2009). Aseptic meningitis and viral meningitis. Philadelphia: Saunders.
Saoji, V. A. (2008). Hand, foot and mouth disease in Nagpur. Indian J. Dermatol. Venereol. Leprol., 2(74), 133–135.
Davia, J. L., Bel, P. H., Ninet, V. Z., Bracho, M. A., González-Candelas, F., Salazar, A., et al. (2011). Onychomadesis outbreak in Valencia, Spain, associated with hand, foot and mouth disease caused by enterovirus. Pediatr Dermatol., 28, 1. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1470.2010.01161.x.
Demina, A.V., & Netesov, S. V. (2009). E'nterovirusy: chast' 2. E'nterovirusnye infekcii: mnogoobrazie klinicheskikh proyavlenij [Enteroviruses. PART II: enteroviral infections: the variety of clinical implications (review)]. Sibirskij nauchnyj medicinskij zhurnal, 29(6), 116–125. [in Russian].
Khan, A., Sharif, S., Shaukat, S., Khan, S., & Zaidi, S. (2008). An outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis caused by coxsackievirus A24 variant in Pakistan. J. Virus Res., 137(1), 150–152. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2008.06.011.
Fomina, S. H., & Novikova, N. A. (2014). E'nterovirusy u detej s gastroe'nteritom (analiticheskij obzor) [Enteroviruses in children with gastroenteritis (analytical review)]. MiediAl', 2(12), 58–71. [in Russian].
Jacques, J., Moret, H., Minette, D., Lévêque, N., Jovenin, N., Deslée, G., et al. (2008). Epidemiological, molecular, and clinical features of enterovirus respiratory infections in French children between 1999 and 2005. J. Clin. Microbiol., 46(1), 206–213. doi: 10.1128/JCM.01414-07.
Chapman, N. M.,. & Kim, K. S. (2008). Persistent coxsackievirus infection: enterovirus persistence in chronic myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol., 323, 275–292. doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-75546-3_13.
Zhong, T., Zhang, L. Y., Wang, Z. Y., Wang, Y., Song, F. M., Zhang, Y. H., & Yu, J. H. (2017). Rheum emodin inhibits enterovirus 71 viral replication and affects the host cell cycle environment. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, 38, 392–401. doi: 10.1038/aps.2016.110.
Xu, F., Zhao, X., Hu, S., Li, J., Yin, L., Mei, S., et al. (2016). Amphotericin B Inhibits Enterovirus 71 Replication by Impeding Viral Entry. Scientific Reports, 6, 14. doi: 10.1038/srep33150.
Downloads
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (SeeThe Effect of Open Access).