Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma of the stomach: features of pathomorphological diagnostics

Authors

  • V. A. Tumanskiy
  • V A. Shavrin

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14739/2310-1237.2013.1.15371

Keywords:

MALT-lymphoma of the stomach, pathomorphological diagnostics

Abstract

On the base of our own observations and literature data it was determined that the distinctive pathologic features of MALT-lymphoma of the stomach are the presence of a dense diffuse lymphocytic infiltrate of centrocyte-like tumor cells of marginal zone (small cells resembling centrocytes with distinct bright rim of cytoplasm, with small nuclei of irregular shape, sometimes – split, containing coarse chromatin and indistinct nucleoli) in the lamina propria between the reactive lymph follicles and glands of the mucous membrane, monocytoid B-lymphocytes characterized by clear cell borders, broad light cytoplasm and bean-like nucleus, plasma cells, which may contain Dutcher bodies – intranuclear inclusions of immunoglobulins; single large centroblast-like or immunoblast-like cells having  round-oval or slightly irregular in shape nuclei with 1-3 nucleoli, or vesicular-like round in shape nuclei with compact, centrally located nucleolus; small lymphocytes. Infiltration looks as tumorcell layers or, more rarely, fuzzy nodular cellular formations. An important diagnostic criterion is the presence of "lymphoepithelial lesions" zones of glands due to infiltration by 3 or more centrocyte-like tumor cell aggregates with glands’ basement membranes destruction. In the damaged glands epithelium edema and eosinophilia are marked, but if extensive infiltration is present among the lymphoid infiltrate there are only clusters of degenerated cells at the site of destroyed epithelium. Low-grade MALT-lymphoma is characterized by the absence of distinct macroscopic changes and the prevalence of "mature" tumor cells over the blasts in histological picture. MALT-lymphoma with signs of transformation into high-grade lymphoma is characterized macroscopically by distinct exophytic component, hyperplasia of folds with ulcerous defects up to 1-2 cm in diameter. Histologic picture displays a significant amount of blast cells – both in the infiltrate and in the areas of "lymphoepithelial lesions". There are usually less reactive follicles than in low-grade lymphoma. High-grade MALT-lymphoma is macroscopically characterized by predominantly infiltrative-ulcerative lesions of stomach and gastric ulcer defects up to 4-5 cm in diameter. Histologically there is a significant number of atypical centroblast-like and immunoblast-like cells (sometimes polynuclear), numerous figures of mitosis and apoptotic bodies are found.

The main immunophenotypic feature of the MALT-lymphoma is the presence of diffuse immunocell infiltration by CD20+, IgM+, IGD-B-cells outside the mantle zone of reactive follicles. Immunophenotype of tumor MALT-lymphoma cells is identical to the immunophenotype of marginal zone B-cells, the reaction with antibodies against CD5, CD10 and CD23 is negative. The comparison of expression of CD20 and CD3 antibodies has the differential-diagnostic value: predominance of CD20-positive B-cells over CD3-positive T-cells indicates a violation of immunarchitectonics which is observed in lymphomas. When reactive (nonmalignant) processes are present T-lymphocytes predominate over B-lymphocytes in lymphoid cell infiltrate or they are in equal proportion. An important feature is the coexpression of BCL-2 and T-cell marker CD43 by B-cells.

It was described the molecular and genetic disorders, as well as the stages of stomach MALT-lymphoma to select the method of patient’s treatment.

References

Bacon Ch.M. Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma: a practucal guide for pathologists / Bacon Ch. M., Du M. Q., Dogan A. // J. Clin. Pathol. – 2007. – Vol. 60 (4). – P. 361–372.

World Health Organisation classification of tumours: Pathology and genetics of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues / Jaffe E., Harris N., Stein H. [et al.]. – Lyon : IARC Press. 2001. – 351 р.

Du M.Q. Gastric MALT lymphoma: from aetiology to treatment / Du M. Q., Isaccson P. G. // Lancet Oncol. – 2002. – Vol. 3 (2). – P. 97–104.

Кокосадзе Н.В. MALT-лимфома желудка: морфоиммунологические основы диагноза на материале гастробиопсий: автореф. дис. ... канд. мед. наук: 14.00.14 / Н.В. Кокосадзе. – М., 2006. – 24 с.

Москаленко О.А. Первичные MALT-лимфомы желудка I-II стадии (клинико-морфологичекие особенности, диагностика, лечение): автореф. дис. ... канд. мед. наук : 14.00.14/ О.А. Москаленко. – М., 2008. – 23 с.

The human gut contains a novel population of B lymphocytes which resemble marginal zone cells / Spencer J., FinnT., Pulford K. A. [et al.] // Clin. Exp. Immunol. – 1985. – Vol. 62. – Р. 607–612.

Hamoudi R. A. Molecular Pathogenesis of MALT Lymphoma : Dissertation submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy / Hamoudi R. A. ; University of Cambridge, United Kingdom. – Cambridge, 2010. – 264 р.

Owens S.R. Molecular aspects of H. pylori-related MALT lymphoma / Owens S. R., Smith L. B. // Patholog Res. Int. – 2011. – Vol. 24. – Р. 1931–1949.

Первичные MALT-лимфомы желудка различной степени злокачественности: проблемы диагностики и тактики лечения / Поддубная И.В., Пробатова Н.А., Ковригина A.M. [и др.] // Совр. онкология. Онкогематология. – 1999. – Т. 1, № 1. – С. 10–13.

Classification of primary gastric lymphomas according to histologic features / Hsi E.D., Eisbruch A., Greenson J.K. [et al.] // Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 1998. – Vol. 22 (l). – P. 17–27.

Primary low-grade and high-grade gastric MALT-lymphoma presentation / Zullo A., Hassan C., Andriani A. [et al.] // J. Clin. Gastroenterol. – 2010. – Vol. 44 (5). – Р. 340–344.

Report on a workshop convened to discuss the pathological and staging classifications of gastrointestinal tract lymphoma / Rohatiner A., d’Amore F., Coiffier B. [et al.] // Ann. Oncol. – 1994. – Vol. 5. – P. 397–400.

Endoscopic ultrasonography for the initial staging and follow-up in patients with low-grade gastric lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue treated medically / Levy M., Hammel P., Dominique L. [et al.] // Gastrointest Endosc. – 1997. – Vol. 46. – Р. 328–333.

Helicobacter and gastric MALT lymphoma / Stolte M., Bayerdorffer E., Morgner A. [et al.] // Gut. – 2002. – Vol. 50. – Р. 19–24.

Ледин Е.В. MALT-лимфома желудка: клиника, диагностика и лечение / Е.В. Ледин, А.П. Серяков, В.Л. Асташов // Рос. журн. гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии. – 2011. – Т. 21, № 1. – С. 69–78.

Downloads

Published

2013-07-11

How to Cite

1.
Tumanskiy VA, Shavrin VA. Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma of the stomach: features of pathomorphological diagnostics. Pathologia [Internet]. 2013Jul.11 [cited 2024Nov.17];(1). Available from: http://pat.zsmu.edu.ua/article/view/15371

Issue

No. 1 (2013)

Section

To a practitioner

License

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

    1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Лицензия Creative Commons
    1. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.

  1. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (SeeThe Effect of Open Access).